¿Qué es real? Entendiendo las Deepfakes y sus implicaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18272/0qg9bv87##preprint.subject##:
Deepfakes, desinformación, realidad, generación de imágenes, AI Act, Ley de Servicios Digitales, Reglamento General de Protección de DatosResumen
Los deepfakes se han utilizado ampliamente para diversos fines en los últimos años. El estudio de su arquitectura técnica es fundamental para comprender los retos sociales y jurídicos que plantean. Implican mecanismos computacionales como las redes generativas adversarias (RGA), los autoencodificadores y las redes neuronales convolucionales (RNN), así como infraestructura de hardware y redes para la síntesis de alta fidelidad. Los deepfakes afectan sectores no relacionados a la IA, en particular la biometría de la ciberseguridad, la credibilidad de los medios de comunicación y el análisis forense jurídico, donde el fenómeno del «dividendo del mentiroso» amenaza la integridad de las pruebas digitales. Si bien se reconocen los posibles beneficios en las industrias creativas y la medicina asistencial, existen graves riesgos éticos, como la proliferación de deepfakes sexualizados no consentidos y la desinformación política. Por lo tanto, es necesario evaluar la suficiencia de regulaciones actuales, en este caso el marco regulatorio de la Unión Europea, concretamente la Ley de IA, la LSD y el RGPD.
Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2026 Hannah Kirschbaum, Tania Micaela Pineda González, Charlotte Senecat, Julia Soszyńska

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